The most important ferroalloys used in Iran’s steel industry are as follows:

1. Ferromanganese

Ferromanganese is obtained from the combination of manganese oxide at high temperatures and a molten state with the presence of carbon in the form of coal or coke. The most important application of manganese in the industry is the preparation of iron alloys which is the main material for cast iron and steel. Manganese increases the tensile strength of steel and the hardness depth of cast iron. Also, manganese reduces the cooling speed and increases the hardness of other parts. Manganese is used as a mineral stone or a ferroalloy for the reduction and cleaning of molten steel to remove sulfur and improve the steel properties in steelmaking. This raw material can be supplied in three types, high carbon, low carbon, and medium carbon, and different sizes for different applications.

2. Ferrosilicon

Ferrosilicon is a widely used ferroalloy in the steel industry and is used as a silicon supply source. Ferrosilicon is used as an antioxidizing and alloying additive for melting electrical and stainless and heat-resistant steel. Low ferrosilicon grades are used for primary steel deoxidation in the furnace and high ferrosilicon grades are used for deoxidation and steel alloying during the electric melting of steel and production of low ferroalloys. It should be noted that ferrosilicon particles can be used as metallurgical material in the steel and cast-iron industries.

3. Ferro Silico Manganese

Ferro silico manganese is one of the most widely used ferroalloys, which is produced from the combination of silicon and manganese. These two existing elements help to increase the hardness, strength of steel, and corrosion resistance by creating a new combination. Also, this combination improves the mechanical properties of steel by removing some impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen. Ferro silicon manganese is mainly available in three grades and in two forms: low-carbon and high-carbon. Ferro silico manganese can be introduced as an alternative to ferro silico and ferromanganese.